Simplifying diagnosis of pulmonary embolism

The use of history and clinical signs in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) is notoriously inaccurate, and clinical judgement alone can rarely confirm or refute the diagnosis of PE with certainty. It is the first clinical assessment will decide whether we need to proceed with imaging to confirm or exclude PE.
The pre-test probability (PTP) of disease represents a formal assessment of the likelihood of disease before a confirmatory test, or investigation, is performed. Post test probability depends on no 1. pre test probability no 2. type of test performed.
The Geneva and Wells scores are clinical pre-test probability scores derived from large trials that sought to determine the clinical signs and symptoms that reliably predict the diagnosis of PE